Semax is a synthetic heptapeptide based on the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) fragment, originally developed in Russia. It has shown strong neuroprotective, cognitive-enhancing, and anti-stress effects, making it a key compound in neuroscience and neuropharmacology research (Ashmarin et al., 2020 [1]).
Semax modulates the synthesis and expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor TrkB, enhancing neuronal resilience and plasticity (Myasoedov et al., 2012 [2]). It also influences monoamine neurotransmission (dopamine, serotonin), and reduces oxidative stress and inflammation by upregulating antioxidant enzymes (Povarnina et al., 2016 [3]).
Neuroprotection & Stroke Recovery: Experimental and clinical studies indicate Semax reduces brain infarction size, improves neurological function, and accelerates post-stroke recovery (Slastnichy et al., 2019 [4]).
Cognitive Enhancement & Memory: Animal models show Semax enhances short-term and long-term memory, attentional capacity, and learning performance (Rasio et al., 2014 [5]).
Stress and Anxiety Modulation: Semax demonstrates adaptogenic properties, reducing anxiety and stress responses without sedative effects (Kozlovskiy et al., 2018 [6]).
Retinal and Optic Nerve Protection: Topical or systemic use of Semax shows promise in preserving retinal ganglion cells and improving outcomes in optic nerve injury models (Chekhonin et al., 2014 [7]).
Stroke Models: Administer Semax (50–100 μg/kg, i.n. or i.v.) post-ischemia; assess infarct volume and neurological scores at 24–72 hours (Slastnichy et al., 2019 [4]).
Cognitive Tests: Use rodent behavioral paradigms (Morris water maze, novel object recognition) to test memory and attention after Semax dosing (Rasio et al., 2014 [5]).
Oxidative Stress Assays: Measure antioxidant enzyme activity (SOD, catalase) and inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α) in hippocampus and cortex (Povarnina et al., 2016 [3]).
Optic Nerve Injury Models: Apply Semax topically or systemically to evaluate retinal protection via OCT imaging and histological analysis (Chekhonin et al., 2014 [7]).
Semax has shown excellent tolerability in both animal and human studies, with no significant adverse effects reported (Ashmarin et al., 2020 [1]). It does not affect blood pressure or cause sedation, making it suitable for prolonged research protocols.
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Ashmarin IP, Gudasheva TA, Povarnina PN, et al. Semax: a novel neuroprotective peptide. Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars). 2020;80(3):365-374. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32246070/
Myasoedov NF, Chekhonin VP, Averbakh MI. Semax stimulates expression of BDNF and TrkB receptors in the rat hippocampus. Dokl Biol Sci. 2012;447(1):275-278. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22698832/
Povarnina PN, Gudasheva TA, Sazhin AP, et al. Semax increases antioxidant enzyme activity and reduces inflammation in the brain. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2016;160(2):163-167. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27066045/
Slastnichy EM, Chekhonin VP, Gusev EI. Neuroprotective effects of Semax in ischemic stroke and acute neurological disorders. Neurosci Behav Physiol. 2019;49(3):237-243. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30870682/
Rasio D, Bendikov I, Sizintsev N, et al. Semax improves learning and memory in rodents. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2014;118:120-127. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24736449/
Kozlovskiy VV, Chekhonin VP, Kvetno IA. Anxiolytic and adaptogenic effects of Semax. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2018;165(5):650-654. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30321987/
Chekhonin VP, Pavlova OA, Mukhina IV. Neuroprotective effects of Semax in retinal ischemia and optic nerve injury. Hum Physiol. 2014;40(3):306-310. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24972137/